Family-Expressed Emotion, Childhood-Onset Depression, and Childhood-Onset Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: Is Expressed Emotion a Nonspecific Correlate of Child Psychopathology or a Specific Risk Factor for Depression?

Expressed emotion (EE) was examined, using the brief Five Minute Speech Sample measure, in families of (1) children with depressive disorders, (2) children with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and (3) normal controls screened for the absence of psychiatric disorder. Consistent with the hypothesis of some specificity in the association between EE and the form of child disorder, rates of EE were significantly higher among families of depressed children compared to families of normal controls and families of children with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Within the depressed group, the presence of a comorbid disruptive behavior disorder was associated with high levels of critical EE, underscoring the need to attend to comorbid patterns and subtypes of EE in future research

Aquilegia, Vol. 29 No. 3, May-July 2005: Newsletter of the Colorado Native Plant Society

https://epublications.regis.edu/aquilegia/1105/thumbnail.jp

Proposed Regulation of Gene Expression by Glucose in Rodent Heart

Background: During pressure overload-induced hypertrophy, unloading-induced atrophy, and diabetes mellitus, the heart induces ‘fetal’ genes (e.g. myosin heavy chain β; mhcβ). Hypothesis: We propose that altered glucose homeostasis within the cardiomyocyte acts as a central mechanism for the regulation of gene expression in response to environmental stresses. The evidence is as follows. Methods and Results: Forced glucose uptake both ex vivo and in vivo results in mhc isoform switching. Restricting dietary glucose prevents mhc isoform switching in hearts of both GLUT1-Tg mice and rats subjected to pressure overload-induced hypertrophy. Thus, glucose availability correlates with mhc isoform switching under all conditions investigated. A potential mechanism by which glucose affects gene expression is through O-linked glycosylation of specific transcription factors. Glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFAT) catalyzes the flux generating step in UDP-N-acetylglucosamine biosynthesis, the rate determining metabolite in protein glycosylation. Ascending aortic constriction increased intracellular levels of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, and the expression of gfat2, but not gfat1, in the rat heart. Conclusions: Collectively, the results strongly suggest glucose-regulated gene expression in the heart, and the involvement of glucose metabolites in isoform switching of sarcomeric proteins characteristic for the fetal gene program

Aquilegia, Vol. 23 No. 5, September-October 1999: Newsletter of the Colorado Native Plant Society

https://epublications.regis.edu/aquilegia/1176/thumbnail.jp

Healthy lifestyle interventions to combat noncommunicable disease : a novel nonhierarchical connectivity model for key stakeholders : a policy statement from the American Heart Association, European Society of Cardiology, European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation, and American College of Preventive Medicine

© 2015 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, and the European Society of Cardiology. This article is being published concurrently in Mayo Clinic Proceedings [1]. The articles are identical except for minor stylistic and spelling differences in keeping with each journal's style. Either citation can be used when citing this article. [1] Arena R, Guazzi M, Lianov L, Whitsel L, Berra K, Lavie CJ, Kaminsky L, Williams M, Hivert M-F, Franklin NC, Myers J, Dengel D, Lloyd-Jones DM, Pinto FJ, Cosentino F, Halle M, Gielen S, Dendale P, Niebauer J, Pelliccia A, Giannuzzi P, Corra U, Piepoli MF, Guthrie G, Shurney D. Healthy Lifestyle Interventions to Combat Noncommunicable Diseased - A Novel Nonhierarchical Connectivity Model for Key Stakeholders: A Policy Statement From the American Heart Association, European Society of Cardiology, European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation, and American College of Preventive Medicine. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 2015; DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.05.001 [In Press]Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) have become the primary health concern for most countries around the world. Currently, more than 36 million people worldwide die from NCDs each year, accounting for 63% of annual global deaths; most are preventable. The global financial burden of NCDs is staggering, with an estimated 2010 global cost of $6.3 trillion (US dollars) that is projected to increase to$13 trillion by 2030. A number of NCDs share one or more common predisposing risk factors, all related to lifestyle to some degree: (1) cigarette smoking, (2) hypertension, (3) hyperglycemia, (4) dyslipidemia, (5) obesity, (6) physical inactivity, and (7) poor nutrition. In large part, prevention, control, or even reversal of the aforementioned modifiable risk factors are realized through leading a healthy lifestyle (HL). The challenge is how to initiate the global change, not toward increasing documentation of the scope of the problem but toward true action-creating, implementing, and sustaining HL initiatives that will result in positive, measurable changes in the previously defined poor health metrics. To achieve this task, a paradigm shift in how we approach NCD prevention and treatment is required. The goal of this American Heart Association/European Society of Cardiology/European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation/American College of Preventive Medicine policy statement is to define key stakeholders and highlight their connectivity with respect to HL initiatives. This policy encourages integrated action by all stakeholders to create the needed paradigm shift and achieve broad adoption of HL behaviors on a global scale.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Evaluation of the prognostic value of computed tomography-derived body composition in patients undergoing endovascular aneurysm repair

Background: Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) is the most common mode of repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) in the UK. EVAR ranges from standard infrarenal repair to complex fenestrated and branched EVAR (F/B-EVAR). Sarcopenia is defined by lower muscle mass and function, which is associated with inferior perioperative outcomes. Computed tomography-derived body composition analysis offers prognostic value in patients with cancer. Several authors have evaluated the role of body composition analysis in predicting outcomes in patients undergoing EVAR; however, the evidence base is limited by heterogeneous methodology. Methods: Six hundred seventy-four consecutive patients (58 (8.6%) female, mean (SD) age 74.4 (6.8) years) undergoing EVAR and F/B-EVAR at three large tertiary centres were retrospectively recruited. Subcutaneous and visceral fat indices (SFI and VFI), psoas and skeletal muscle indices, and skeletal muscle density were measured at the L3 vertebral level from pre-operative computed tomographies. The maximally selected rank statistic technique was used to define optimal thresholds to predict mortality. Results: There were 191 deaths during the median follow-up period of 60.0 months. Mean (95% CI) survival in the low SMI versus high SMI subgroups was 62.6 (58.5–66.7) versus 82.0 (78.7–85.3) months (P < 0.001). Mean (95% CI) survival in the low SFI versus high SFI subgroups was 56.4 (48.2–64.7) versus 77.1 (74.2–80.1) months (P < 0.001). One-year mortality in the low SMI versus high SMI subgroups was 10% versus 3% (P < 0.001). Low SMI was associated with increased odds of one-year mortality (OR 3.19, 95% CI 1.60–6.34, P < 0.001). Five-year mortality in the low SMI versus high SMI subgroups was 55% versus 28% (P < 0.001). Low SMI was associated with increased odds of five-year mortality (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.11–2.14, P < 0.01). On multivariate analysis of all patients, low SFI (HR 1.90, 95% CI 1.30–2.76, P < 0.001) and low SMI (HR 1.88, 95% CI 1.34–2.63, P < 0.001) were associated with poorer survival. On multivariate analysis of asymptomatic AAA patients, low SFI (HR 1.54, 95% CI 1.01–2.35, P < 0.05) and low SMI (HR 1.71, 95% CI 1.20–2.42, P < 0.01) were associated with poorer survival. Conclusions: Low SMI and SFI are associated with poorer long-term survival following EVAR and F/B-EVAR. The relationship between body composition and prognosis requires further evaluation, and external validation of the thresholds proposed in patients with AAA is required

Recommendations of Common Data Elements to Advance the Science of Selfâ Management of Chronic Conditions

PurposeCommon data elements (CDEs) are increasingly being used by researchers to promote data sharing across studies. The purposes of this article are to (a) describe the theoretical, conceptual, and definition issues in the development of a set of CDEs for research addressing selfâ management of chronic conditions; (b) propose an initial set of CDEs and their measures to advance the science of selfâ management; and (c) recommend implications for future research and dissemination.Design and MethodsBetween July 2014 and December 2015 the directors of the National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR)â funded P20 and P30 centers of excellence and NINR staff met in a series of telephone calls and a faceâ toâ face NINRâ sponsored meeting to select a set of recommended CDEs to be used in selfâ management research. A list of potential CDEs was developed from examination of common constructs in current selfâ management frameworks, as well as identification of variables frequently used in studies conducted in the centers of excellence.FindingsThe recommended CDEs include measures of three selfâ management processes: activation, selfâ regulation, and selfâ efficacy for managing chronic conditions, and one measure of a selfâ management outcome, global health.ConclusionsThe selfâ management of chronic conditions, which encompasses a considerable number of processes, behaviors, and outcomes across a broad range of chronic conditions, presents several challenges in the identification of a parsimonious set of CDEs. This initial list of recommended CDEs for use in selfâ management research is provisional in that it is expected that over time it will be refined. Comment and recommended revisions are sought from the research and practice communities.Clinical RelevanceThe use of CDEs can facilitate generalizability of research findings across diverse population and interventions.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/134268/1/jnu12233_am.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/134268/2/jnu12233.pd